Direct Mucosal-Side Fibrosis Cutting for Salvage Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection of Secondary Barrett's Neoplasia Adjacent Multiband Resection Scars

Abstract

A 54-year-old male patient with long-standing Barrett’s esophagus underwent multiband ligation endoscopic mucosal resection (MBL-EMR) 1 year previously due to low-risk early cancer (pT1m2, L0, V0, G2, R0). Of note, a nodular-type small Barrett’s neoplasia was resected en bloc in one EMR specimen, while the remaining specimens contained areas of low-grade dysplasia without circumscribed lesions. Radiofrequency ablation of the remaining non-dysplastic Barrett’s mucosa with preserved acetic acid whitening was scheduled; however, the patient missed several follow-up appointments. At repeat EGD, a secondary Paris 0-IIa lesion estimated at 15 mm and representing a second Barrett’s neoplasia emerged adjacent to MBL-EMR scars at oral (towards the mouth) and anterior (towards the sternum) aspects (Fig. 1a, linked color imaging). Acetic acid staining was only abrogated within the lesion itself and endoscopic biopsies confirmed well-differentiated adenocarcinoma. The patient presented for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) after adequate counselling, including alternative surgery. First, an uncomplicated C-shaped incision from the anal side around the posterior (towards the back, or towards 6 o’clock) parts was performed. Unlike the conventional ESD approach to high-grade fibrosis (distant mucosal incision, submucosal approach to fibrosis with or without tunnel technique), direct cutting into the scar area was tried using an articulating ESD knife (3.5-mm ClutchCutter, Fuji, Düsseldorf, Germany). An initial injection of indigo carmine-saline mixture likewise failed to reasonably lift the mucosa. Special attention was paid to first cut in an ultra-superficial fashion as indicated by a crepe paper-like appearance (electrosurgical settings as for mucosal incision: endo cut 1, effect 2, duration 4, interval 1; hemostasis: soft coagulation, effect 4, 100 W; Fig. 1b). Of note, a hard and longer Inoue-type cap was used to adequately grasp the tissue in a superficial fashion. With the incised mucosa continuously pushed aside by the opened scissors, deeper cuts through dense high-grade F2 fibrosis were performed, and this appeared to indicate the correct resection plane (Fig. 1c). The final histopathology confirmed en bloc resection: pT1m2, L0, V0, G1, R0 (Fig. 1d, e).