Synchronous development in open-source projects: A higher-level perspective

Abstract

Mailing lists are a major communication channel for supporting developer coordina tion in open-source software projects. In a recent study, researchers explored tempo ral relationships (e.g., synchronization) between developer activities on source code and on the mailing list, relying on simple heuristics of developer collaboration (e.g., co-editing fles) and developer communication (e.g., sending e-mails to the mailing list). We propose two methods for studying synchronization between collaboration and communication activities from a higher-level perspective, which captures the complex activities and views of developers more precisely than the rather technical perspective of previous work. On the one hand, we explore developer collaboration at the level of features (not fles), which are higher-level concepts of the domain and not mere technical artifacts. On the other hand, we lift the view of developer com munication from a message-based model, which treats each e-mail individually, to a conversation-based model, which is semantically richer due to grouping e-mails that represent conceptually related discussions. By means of an empirical study, we investigate whether the diferent abstraction levels afect the observed relationship between commit activity and e-mail communication using state-of-the-art time series analysis. For this purpose, we analyze a combined history of 40 years of data for three highly active and widely deployed open-source projects: QEMU, BusyBox, and OpenSSL. Overall, we found evidence that a higher-level view on the coordina tion of developers leads to identifying a stronger statistical dependence between the technical activities of developers than a less abstract and rather technical view.