Lead Optimization Generates CYP11B1 Inhibitors of Pyridylmethyl Isoxazole Type with Improved Pharmacological Profile for the Treatment of Cushing's Disease

Abstract

Cushing’s disease, characterized by elevated plasma cortisol levels, can be controlled by inhibition of 11βhydroxylase (CYP11B1). The previously identified selective and potent CYP11B1 inhibitor 5-((5-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl)-2- phenylpyridine Ref 7 (IC50= 2 nM) exhibited promutagenic potential as well as very low oral bioavailability in rats (F = 2%) and was therefore modified to overcome these drawbacks. Successful lead optimization resulted in similarly potent and selective 5- ((5-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl)-3-phenylisoxazole 25 (IC50 = 2 nM, 14-fold selectivity over CYP11B2), exhibiting a superior pharmacological profile with no mutagenic potential. Furthermore, compound 25 inhibited rat CYP11B1 (IC50 = 2 μM) and showed a high oral bioavailability (F = 50%) and sufficient plasma concentrations in rats, providing an excellent starting point for a proof-of-principle study.