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Titel: Predictable Words Are More Likely to Be Omitted in Fragments–Evidence From Production Data
VerfasserIn: Lemke, Tyll Robin UdsID
Reich, Ingo UdsID
Schäfer, Lisa UdsID
Drenhaus, Heiner UdsID
Sprache: Englisch
In:
Titel: Frontiers in psychology
Bandnummer: 12
Seiten: 1-15
Verlag/Plattform: Frontiers
Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
Freie Schlagwörter: information theory
fragments
ellipsis
script knowledge
surprisal
DDC-Sachgruppe: 400 Sprache, Linguistik
Dokumenttyp: Journalartikel / Zeitschriftenartikel
Abstract: Instead of a full sentence like Bring me to the university (uttered by the passenger to a taxi driver) speakers often use fragments like To the university to get their message across. So far there is no comprehensive and empirically supported account of why and under which circumstances speakers sometimes prefer a fragment over the corresponding full sentence. We propose an information-theoretic account to model this choice: A speaker chooses the encoding that distributes information most uniformly across the utterance in order to make the most efficient use of the hearer's processing resources (Uniform Information Density, Levy and Jaeger, 2007). Since processing effort is related to the predictability of words (Hale, 2001) our account predicts two effects of word probability on omissions: First, omitting predictable words (which are more easily processed), avoids underutilizing processing resources. Second, inserting words before very unpredictable words distributes otherwise excessively high processing effort more uniformly. We test these predictions with a production study that supports both of these predictions. Our study makes two main contributions: First we develop an empirically motivated and supported account of fragment usage. Second, we extend previous evidence for information-theoretic processing constraints on language in two ways: We find predictability effects on omissions driven by extralinguistic context, whereas previous research mostly focused on effects of local linguistic context. Furthermore, we show that omissions of content words are also subject to information-theoretic well-formedness considerations. Previously, this has been shown mostly for the omission of function words.
DOI der Erstveröffentlichung: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662125
URL der Erstveröffentlichung: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.662125/full
Link zu diesem Datensatz: urn:nbn:de:bsz:291--ds-361890
hdl:20.500.11880/34272
http://dx.doi.org/10.22028/D291-36189
ISSN: 1664-1078
Datum des Eintrags: 9-Nov-2022
Drittmittel / Förderung: Gefördert durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)-Projektnummer 232722074-SFB 1102/Funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation)-Project-ID 232722074-CRC 1102.
Fördernummer: 232722074-SFB 1102
Fakultät: P - Philosophische Fakultät
Fachrichtung: P - Germanistik
P - Sprachwissenschaft und Sprachtechnologie
Professur: P - Prof. Dr. Ingo Reich
Sammlung:SciDok - Der Wissenschaftsserver der Universität des Saarlandes



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