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Titel: SLEEP-RELATED ISSUES FACING PROFESSIONAL FOOTBALL PLAYERS
VerfasserIn: Fullagar, Hugh
Sprache: Englisch
Erscheinungsjahr: 2017
Erscheinungsort: Homburg/Saar
Kontrollierte Schlagwörter: Berufsfußballspieler
DDC-Sachgruppe: 610 Medizin, Gesundheit
Dokumenttyp: Dissertation
Abstract: Introduction: The ability of football players to tolerate and recover from the physiological and psychological stressors of training and match play is critical to ongoing performance success. The ability to recover from these stressors is affected by numerous factors; including, experience, fitness, motivation and the natural fluctuation of physiological and behavioural processes – particularly the sleep-wake cycle. Indeed, sleep loss incurred prior to competition may reduce subsequent performance; whilst a reduction in sleep quantity or quality following competition may impede the recovery timeline. As such, sleep for athletes’ has been recognised anecdotally amongst coaches and players as critical to performance and recovery. However, normative sleep behaviour in football players remains unknown. Moreover, there is limited evidence to show that when sleep is disturbed, performance and recovery suffer within the elite football environment. Consequently, the potential positive impact of improving sleep parameters on the recovery and performance timeline therefore remains to be substantiated. Thus, the aim of this thesis was three-fold: i) to determine the sleeping patterns of football players and to assess whether and when disrupted sleep indices occurred and ensuing effect on perceptual recovery status; ii) to assess the sleep, travel and recovery responses of footballers during and following long-haul international air travel and ensuing matchplay; and iii) to investigate the effect of an acute sleep hygiene strategy on physical, physiological and psychological recovery of players following a late-night match. Methods: i) To determine the sleeping patterns in elite football, a group of sixteen elite football players completed a subjective online questionnaire twice a day (morning and night) for 21 days during the regular season. Subjective recall of sleep variables (duration, time of wake and sleep, wake episode duration), a range of perceptual variables related to recovery, mood and performance, internal training loads and non-exercise stressors were collected. ii) To assess the sleep, travel and recovery responses of footballers during and following longhaul international air travel and match-play, fifteen national football players undertook 18 h of predominately westward international air travel from the United Kingdom to South America (-4 h time-zone shift) for a 10-day tour (including two night matches). Objective sleep parameters, external and internal training loads, subjective player match performance, technical match data and perceptual jet-lag and recovery measures were collected. iii) The final investigation determined the effect of an acute sleep hygiene strategy (SHS) on physical, physiological and psychological recovery of players following a late-night match. Two highly-trained amateur teams (20 players) played two late-night friendly matches (20:45 start) against each other seven days apart. Players completed a sleep hygiene strategy after the match or undertook normal post-game routines in a randomised cross-over design. Objective sleep parameters, countermovement jump (CMJ), YoYo Intermittent Recovery test (YYIRT), venous blood and perceived recovery and stress markers were collected prior to and during the ensuing 48 h post-match. Results: In summary of the above studies; i) Elite club players appear to sleep within healthy adequate ranges following training days and match days. However, players report significantly reduced sleep duration and perceptual recovery following night matches compared to day matches and training. The reasons for this poor sleep were varied and very individualistic in nature. ii) Similarly, objective measurements of sleep show sleep duration is truncated during long-haul international travel with a 4 h time-zone delay in national level players. Furthermore, sleep duration is reduced following night matches, though limited effects on perceptual recovery were evident in this professional cohort. iii) To combat such a reduction in sleep duration in night matches, a SHS was shown to be able to improve sleep quantity following a late-night football match in highly trained amateur players. Despite such increased sleep duration, no improvement in physical performance, perceived stress and recovery or blood-borne markers of muscle damage and inflammation were evident. Discussion/conclusion: The first study in this dissertation provided evidence that sleep duration and quality is hindered following night matches in elite footballers, though sleep responses were deemed within normal population-based ranges following training and daybased match days. In addition, perceptual recovery is significantly worse following these night matches compared to day matches and training. The second study showed that longhaul international travel results in lower sleep quantities than healthy averages for adults. Further, there were limited changes in perceptual recovery markers due to reduced sleep; possibly due to increases in sleep duration on the days upon arrival. However, the effect of the reduction in sleep quantity on physiological and perceptual recovery (especially during/over the course of a season) remains unclear. In the final study of this thesis, results suggested football players might consider sleep hygiene strategies where possible following a late-night match to promote restorative sleep. There appeared to be no additional benefit for the acute recovery of exercise performance markers, perceptual stress, or blood-borne markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Accordingly, more research is required to assess whether a larger sleep differential (e.g. longer duration/higher quality sleep) is required to affect the physical and physiological markers measured here. In addition, the effect of (chronic) SHS on recovery in real-world elite environments requires further research.
Link zu diesem Datensatz: urn:nbn:de:bsz:291-scidok-ds-275492
hdl:20.500.11880/27223
http://dx.doi.org/10.22028/D291-27549
Erstgutachter: Meyer, Tim
Tag der mündlichen Prüfung: 28-Mär-2017
Datum des Eintrags: 28-Nov-2018
Fakultät: M - Medizinische Fakultät
Fachrichtung: M - Sport- und Präventivmedizin
Sammlung:SciDok - Der Wissenschaftsserver der Universität des Saarlandes

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