Focusing particles & ellipsis resolution

Abstract

We present a semantic framework which integrates a compositional version of Discourse Representation Theory, Van der Sandt's presupposition theory, and a treatment of focus in the style of Rooth's Alternative Semantics. We will discuss the semantics of focusing particles like too and only within this framework. The function of these particles is maintaining coherence in discourse or dialogue. This explicitly allows them to introduce contrast between phrases by means of presupposition. Of our interest is the interaction between focusing particles and elliptical phrases. In particular, we pay attention to cases of VP-ellipsis in English. It turns out that the interpretation of focusing particles naturally accounts for the occurences of sloppy and strict readings in VP-ellipsis. This is because their presupposition adds contrast between the source and target clause. This feature distinguishes the approach sketched in this paper from known approaches to ellipsis, which disregard the function of focusing particles.